查看完整版本: 德国空军：“容克Ju-52”运输机[126P]

德国空军：“容克Ju-52”运输机[126P]

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Ju-52运输机（Junkers Ju-52），为德国容克公司在1932年至1945年间生产的一款运输机。由于它的外壳十分坚硬，因此它亦有“容克老姑妈”（德语：Tante Ju）、“钢铁安妮”等称号。除了运输之用途外，它在西班牙内战及第二次世界大战期间更担任轰炸的任务；而且，它亦于瑞士航空及汉莎航空等航空公司提供民航服务。

原本该机采用单引擎设计。然而，由于这种设计并不符合当时航空法规之安全要求。于是，容克斯公司便修改设计，于两翼上各加装一具引擎，即成为了我们今天所熟悉的三引擎Ju-52（Ju-52/3m）。

Ju-52与公司的上一代运输机Junkers W33剖有类似之处，但机身更大。 早期的机体设计远在第一次世界大战时就进行了。在1930年时在德绍的容克厂，Ernst Zindel与他的设计小组就开始针对Ju-52进行结构强化，此机型选用当时稀有的波纹状杜拉铝做为金属蒙皮。

Ju52 100831.jpg

Ju-52有低悬臂梁的机翼，中间的区块则与机身融合行成底部。[1] 形成4对圆形的杜拉铝翼梁与波纹状蒙皮以对抗强劲的扭力。 精密的襟翼延著机翼后缘展开。襟翼可以减缓失速速度故Ju-52的机翼设计有双翼的尊称。

副翼属于机翼外侧可操作的结构，主要是为了方便控制飞机的角度水平。 水平平衡翼有携带可以平衡角度的俯仰翼可以怩补水平平衡翼的不足性，在飞行时都是可以调整的。 所有的控制面都是属于波纹状。

最初原本的Ju-52 配置是设计为单发动机运输机(代号：Ju-52/1m)，可以采用 BMW或是容克生产的液冷型发动机。故单引擎的Ju-52 都会有推力不足的问题，当出厂了7架原型机之后，采用3具星状发动机的Ju-52(代号：Ju-52/3m)正式问世。 最初选用3具的普惠-黄蜂型星状发动机，后期的生产型号则采用普惠精致改良版的574 kW (770 hp) BMW 132发动机，出口型则采用447 kW (600 hp)普惠 R-1340与578 kW (775 hp)布李斯托-飞马型5号发动机。

Ju-52/3m有2具星状发动机安装于机翼上属于翼弦整流罩设计。

Ju-52运输机在第二次世界大战中发挥了重要的作用。在1940年初ＸＴＬ侵略低地各国的时候，它扮演了运输伞兵的角色，为德国快速攻陷低地国家立下功劳。而在1941年5月在地中海克里特岛的一役中，它更为德军滑翔机作出牵引，成功空投10,000名伞兵，为战事赢得胜利。直至第二次世界大战结束前，它仍是NC德军的运输主力。

第二次世界大战结束后，德国被解除了武装，Ju-52也变为民航用途。而法国及西班牙则在1952年以之制.造出CASA 352/3m机型，作为欧洲内陆航班之用。此外，Ju-52亦在战后服役至20世纪80年代，其中有部份至今仍存在。

Ｋ戰前德国汉莎航空和中国國Ｍ政Ｆ合办的欧亚航空公司是中国最初的航空公司,Ju-52是主力机种,当中有一架Ju-52被國Ｍ政Ｆ征用作为蒋介石的私人飞机,成了中国的空军一号,西安事变前去营救蒋介石的飞机正是此架。

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容克52本来就是运输机,其轰炸型只有德国干涉西班牙内战时的秃鹰军团用过.道尼尔17型和亨克尔111型轰炸机服役后立刻就退役了

記得在湯姆克魯斯主演的華爾奇麗雅中,
此類飛機好像專為德軍座機!