查看完整版本: 美媒:中国核潜艇缺陷太多 正集中精力研096级

美媒:中国核潜艇缺陷太多 正集中精力研096级

2012年11月17日，美国“战略之页”网站刊登文章《中国自食其果》 （China Eats Its Mistakes），该文评价了中国093、094、096型潜艇，主要指出了3种主要潜艇型号存在的技术问题，比如噪音、潜射弹道导弹技术不过关等，认为中国正在集中精力完善096型潜艇。现将文章主要内容编译如下：

中国宣布对整个南海拥有主权，将所有外国海军排斥在外，通常被解释成经济原因。南海有丰富的渔业资源，更不用说海底蕴藏的石油和天然气，非常需要战略导弹核潜艇在该地区的巡航。虽然中国南海距离华盛顿13000公里，三叉戟(Trident)远程潜射弹道导弹（SLBM）射程11000公里，所以中国使用潜射弹道导弹比降低噪音防止美国飞机探测容易得多。但是中国对潜艇推进器的噪音没有太多办法。

去年中国试射了“巨浪-2”潜射弹道导弹，虽然结果并不令人满意，但是42吨的“巨浪-2”射程8000公里，装备到094级潜艇后，可以打击美国夏威夷和阿拉斯加的任何目标，每艘094级潜艇可搭载12枚该型导弹。“巨浪-2”即“东风-31”弹道导弹的海军版，目前还存在很多问题，原计划4年前服役，但是试射一直没有成功。

由于缺乏可靠的潜射弹道导弹，两代潜艇本身也不稳定，中国的战略导弹潜艇没有进行过作战巡航。上世纪80年代，中国下水了092型潜艇，由于存在问题没有进行过巡航，只用于中国近海水域的日常训练。过去10年，中国研发了094型潜艇，西方认为这是中国能够进行巡航的战略导弹核潜艇，但也没有进行过。

093级攻击核潜艇看起来很像俄罗斯30年前的维克多3级攻击潜艇的设计风格。2006年，第一艘093级潜艇服役，成为094级潜艇研发的基础，也就是“维克多3”级上面加装了导弹发射管。在攻击型潜艇上面加装弹道导弹是过时的技术，美国在50年代就已经掌握。中国现在正在做同样的事情，根据093级制造了9000吨的094级，由于其核导弹可以打击美国本土，增加了中国的外交筹码。首艘094级潜艇3年前服役，但是没有进行过带弹巡航。

中国随后又交付了2艘7000吨级093攻击型潜艇，但是没有实际提高战力，噪音太大之外，还有其他许多缺陷。094级也没有太多期待，美国不清楚中国将造几艘093级潜艇，大概3-6艘。中国已经开始研发下一代攻击潜艇095级和战略导弹核潜艇096级。

093级和094级的研发时间都已经超过10年，外界都认为中国在设计上存在问题。094级是现代战略导弹核潜艇，使用从俄罗斯购买的技术，是中国最早的战略导弹核潜艇尝试，急需必备的技术。现在中国自食其果。美国情报专家相信中国集中精力研制096级，以及更可靠的陆基弹道导弹，为研制潜射弹道导弹奠定技术基础

＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝
美国对中国军品的一切评论都是在两个极端上左右跳动的。中国的军品技术落后于美国这是事实。所以美国就大肆诋毁中国军品的质差，无需理会美国的这些品评，因为美国的品评有一个特点，一会说这个军品有毛病，但过一段时间就又说这个军品威力大。就由美国去胡乱品评吧。我们有我们自己的宗旨，该发展的就大力发展，该更新换代的就更新换代，该怎干才是怎干。

[[i] 本帖最后由 lee0763 于 2012-11-20 04:26 编辑 [/i]]

帮楼主把原文贴上来了，说实话感觉翻译水平比较惨。

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[url]http://www.strategypage.com/htmw/hticbm/articles/20121117.aspx[/url]
[size=5][color=Blue]China Eats Its Mistakes

November 17, 2012: Chinese efforts to claim all of the South China Sea and then keep all foreign naval forces out have usually been explained in economic terms. There are a lot of valuable fishing grounds in that area, not to mention oil and gas deposits under the sea bed. But another benefit is to provide secure patrol areas for its noisy (and thus easy for nearby anti-submarine forces to detect) SSBNs (nuclear powered ballistic missile carrying subs). While it is 13,000 kilometers from the South China Sea to Washington, DC and the longest range of SLBMs (submarine launched ballistic missiles) is 11,000 kilometers (for the American Trident missile), a longer range SLBM could be built. That would be easier than mastering the much more complex technology of making SSBNs quiet enough to avoid detection by American subs and aircraft. While this sounds like a desperate solution, China does not have too many other good options.

In the last year several Chinese JL (Julang) 2 SLBM (Sea Launched Ballistic Missile) were test fired. The results were not encouraging. The 42 ton JL-2 has a range of 8,000 kilometers and would enable China to aim missiles at any target in the United States from a 94 class SSBN cruising off Hawaii or Alaska. Each 94 boat can carry twelve of these missiles, which are naval versions of the existing land based 42 ton DF-31 ICBM. China has had a lot of problems with the JL-2, which was supposed to have entered service four years ago but kept failing test launches.

In part because of the lack of a reliable SLBM, no Chinese SSBN has ever gone on a combat cruise. But the subs have been very unreliable as well. China has so far produced two generations of SSBNs. In the early 1980s, the Type 92 was launched but had a lot of problems and never made a patrol. It only went out for training in Chinese coastal waters. Only one was built. In the last decade the Type 94 showed up. This was believed, in the West, to be the Chinese SSBN that would go on patrol but that never happened. Turns out that the Type 94 also had lots of technical problems.

This sad saga began with the Type 93 class SSN (nuclear powered attack sub), which looks a lot like the three decade old Russian Victor III class SSN design. The first Type 93 entered service in 2006. The Type 93 was the basis for the Type 94 SSBN, which looks like a Victor III with a missile compartment added. Taking a SSN design and adding extra compartments to hold the ballistic missiles is an old trick, pioneered by the United States in the 1950s to produce the first ever SSBNs. The Chinese appear to have done the same thing with their new Type 93 SSN, creating a larger Type 94 SSBN boat of 9,000 tons displacement. Priority was apparently given to construction of the Type 94, as having nuclear missiles able to reach the United States gives China more diplomatic clout than some new SSNs. The first 94 entered service three years ago. But it has still not gone to sea equipped with nuclear missiles.

Having already sent the first two new, 7,000 ton 93 class SSNs to sea, China was apparently underwhelmed by their performance. Not much more is expected from the 94s. The 93s were too noisy and had a long list of more minor defects as well. It's unclear how many 93s will be built, probably no more than 3-6. More resources are apparently being diverted to the next SSN class - the 95, and the next SSBN, the Type 96.

The Type 93 and Type 94 were both over a decade in development and construction. Work began on the 94 class in the 1990s. For years all that was known was that the Chinese were having technical problems with the new design. The 94 is a modern SSBN, using technology bought from Russia, plus what was developed by the Chinese in their earlier nuclear submarine building efforts.[color=Red] While the Chinese have had a hard time building reliable and quiet nuclear subs, they are determined to acquire the needed skills. You do that by doing it and eating your mistakes.[/color] U.S. intelligence experts believe that China is now concentrating on the design of the new Type 96s. China has made progress in developing more reliable land-based ICBMs which means they have the technology to build similar SLBMs. [/color][/size]

就说说最后一句吧：尽管中国在建造一艘可靠和安静的核潜艇上遇到了困难，他决心要得到其所需的技术，而做到这点的方式就是继续做下去并改进所犯下的错误(You do that by doing it and eating your mistakes.)。

再看标题China Eats Its Mistakes中国改正错误，这文章其实说的并不是什么“坏话”吧？感觉很多时候翻译文章的人不到位的翻译导致和原文大相径庭，前一阵子有网传引起民愤的的一篇西班牙人写的“中国猪”据说还搞得外交部抗议……结果打开原文一看人家根本不是什么比喻中国人，而是正儿八经的讨论中国仿造的西班牙猪肉火腿……

[[i] 本帖最后由 pakucha 于 2012-11-20 07:14 编辑 [/i]]

比较客观的一片文章，静音技术一直是我国潜艇的短板啊。

中国只有在096级潜艇上有突破，特别是静音技术和导弹小型化上的突破，才能够体现中国在世界上的强国地位，也就不再受美国强权霸主地位的威胁，从而走上世界，也可使地位提高。

中国的096.093攻击核潜艇中，094是主要考虑二次核反击，所以就只能牺牲一下静音方面了。096的静音方面应该很好，因为.094的噪音大主要是外形设计不怎么成功。096相比093、094在静音、吨位、载弹量、隐身、武器方面都有很大的提高。

装备只有不断更新发展才能不受制于人，096肯定会在不久下水服役，祖国万岁

发展科技啊，富强是根本，发展社会经济，096 GOGOGO:excellence

有差距是正常的，中国的军事现代化进程是从改革开放后才开始的，我们要用不到30年的时间追上人家60、70年的发展，本身就是很大的困难。又要造航母，又要造先进的水面舰艇，又要造潜艇，全面发展需要的是时间的积累，所以，我们能做的只有拭目以待，寄希望于中国科研人员 的不懈努力了。多给他们点时间，少给点压力，别再搞出罗阳这样的悲剧英雄了

大力发展潜艇，向最先进的潜艇进军，让美国佬的航母动都不敢动！

现在中国海军能拿的上台面的就是潜艇，但潜艇还是受基础工业的制约

中国的潜艇一直是数量较多，据说是世界前二级别的，不过工业制约，切技术含量一般，元级就不知道了，有些太保密

:excellence :excellence :excellence :excellence :excellence

短时间来看，中国需要发展潜艇，是因为中国不想在军事上限于被动，但是长时间要解决这种情况 还是第一把基础工业搞起来。
打好基础，潜艇，空天一体战部队都可以发展。
没有底子，就一个发动机和合金技术就够限制中国的军事硬件发展了！

这是事实，中国的核潜艇就是有噪音问题，我们不能一触即跳。
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